Friday 16 November 2012

T 1227/10 – Dustbin Horrors


This case is interesting because it illustrates how deleting a figure corresponding to “prior art” can lead to a violation of A 123(2).

The appeal was filed by the opponent after the Opposition Division (OD) had rejected the opposition. Claim 1 as granted read :
1. A process for removing nitrogen oxides from flue gas issuing from a regenerator of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit wherein the flue gas is cleaned of substantial amounts of dust in the regenerator, the process comprising the steps of:

a) directing the flue gas into a tertiary cyclone separator and separating the solids therefrom so that not more than 250mg/Nm3 of solids exit in an overflow from the tertiary cyclone separator and causing between 0.5% and 6% percentage of flue gas entering the tertiary cyclone separator to exit as an underflow from the tertiary cyclone separator with solids separated in the tertiary cyclone separator;

b) Conveying the overflow to a selective catalytic reduction unit and processing the overflow in the selective catalytic reduction unit to form an outlet gas stream; and

c) Introducing the outlet gas stream and the underflow into a wet scrubber and removing at least 80% of particles of 3.0 microns size and larger and 30% of 1.5 micron size.
In its decision the OD had found that the deletion during the examination proceedings of the original figure 1


and of the part of the description relating to this drawing, both of them indicating the illustrated embodiment as being part of the prior art, removed an erroneous statement of the prior art in the original application; therefore, in line with the decision T 22/83, these parts of the original application had to be ignored in assessing the invention disclosed in the original application and their deletion would not contravene A 123(2).

The opponent submitted that the deletion of figure 1 and of the corresponding passage of the description on page 6 of the original application modified the information of the invention contained in the original application and directed at the public; hence, the embodiment indicated as prior art in the original application was now encompassed by claim 1 as granted; therefore, said amendments contravened the requirements of A 123(2).

The patent proprietor responded by pointing out inter alia that the disputed amendments did not modify the teaching of the original application since it was still clear from the rest of the description that the use of a ceramic filter on the underflow of the third stage separator (TSS) was not part of the invention; therefore, the granted patent did not contain subject-matter extending beyond the content of the original application.

In what follows the Board discusses the compliance of claim 1 with the requirements of A 123(2) :

[1.1.1] The [opponent] submitted that the subject-matter of the patent in suit extended beyond the content of the original application since figure 1 and the corresponding passage of the description of the original application had been deleted.

The Board agrees in this respect with the [patent proprietor] that the only issue to be decided upon in the present case concerns the alleged deficiency contested by the [opponent] with the ground of opposition of A 100(c) EPC 1973; hence, the compliance with the requirements of R 139 (corresponding to R 88, second sentence, EPC 1973) for the correction of an obvious error of the amendments carried out during the examination proceedings has not to be examined by the Board.

In fact, as explained in G 3/89 [1.3,1.4,1.6], the prohibition of extension under A 123(2) applies also in the case of a correction under R 88, second sentence, EPC 1973.

[1.1.2] According to the established jurisprudence of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO it is essential, when deciding on issues of added subject-matter, to identify the technical information that the skilled person, on the date of filing, would have objectively derived from reading the entire original disclosure, including description, claims and drawings (see G 3/89, [1.4, 2]; G 2/10 [4.3, first full paragraph]; T 667/08 [4.1.4, second and third full paragraph]).

It is also established case law that the prohibition of A 123(2) ensures that an applicant cannot improve his position by adding subject-matter not disclosed in the application as filed, which additional subject-matter would give him an unwarranted advantage and could be damaging to the legal security of third parties relying on the content of the original application; in fact, for example, the public could be faced otherwise at a later stage, with claims which extend beyond what was disclosed in the application as filed and published for the information of the public (see G 1/93 [9] and T 740/91 [2.5]).

[1.1.3] Claim 1 as granted concerns a process for removing nitrogen oxides from flue gas issuing from a regenerator of a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, wherein the flue gas is directed into a TSS, the overflow from the TSS is conveyed to a selective catalytic reduction unit (SCR), and the outlet gas stream from the SCR is introduced into a wet scrubber together with the underflow from the TSS.

The wording of the independent claim 1 thus does not specify whether the underflow from the TSS can be further treated before introducing it into the wet scrubber.

The description of the patent in suit teaches that there is no need to install a gas solid separator like a ceramic filter on the underflow of the TSS […] and that the underflow from the TSS is directed around the SCR and is re-injected into the flue gas duct after the SCR without requirement for a further cyclone separator such as a so-called fourth stage separator (FSS) or for a ceramic filter […]; however, the description teaches also that the invention is illustrated in figures 1 and 2 […], wherein figure 1 does not contain any intermediate treatment of the underflow from the TSS but figure 2 includes the use of an FSS for treating said underflow before introducing it into the wet scrubber.

In fact, the embodiment of figure 2 is reflected in the wording of dependent claim 4.

Therefore, even though the claimed invention teaches that there is no need to convey the underflow of the TSS to a gas solid separator, it would have been clear to the skilled person, by considering the whole content of the patent in suit, that such a step is also not excluded, as shown, for example, in figure 2 and covered by the wording of claim 4.

Hence, it would have been clear to the skilled person that the process of claim 1 as granted encompasses also embodiments in which the underflow of the TSS is further treated with any type of gas solid separator before entering the wet scrubber. In the light of the whole content of the patent in suit there would have been also no reason for the skilled person to assume that the use of a filter like a ceramic filter as gas solid separator on the underflow of the TSS is prohibited or excluded by the wording of claim 1.

[1.1.4] The wording of claim 1 of the originally filed application is similar to that of claim 1 as granted and also requires that the underflow of the TSS is introduced together with the outlet stream of the SCR into a wet scrubber without specifying whether said underflow can be subjected to an intermediate treatment. Moreover, similarly to the granted patent, the originally filed documents teach that there is no need to install a gas solid separator like a ceramic filter on the underflow of the TSS (page 6, lines 8 to 11 of the published original application WO 03/078544) and that the underflow from the TSS is directed around the SCR and is re-injected into the flue gas duct after the SCR without requirement for an FSS or a ceramic filter (page 7, lines 7 to 10); moreover, they contain two figures (figures 2 and 3 corresponding to figures 1 and 2 as granted), wherein one of these figures (figure 3) illustrates an embodiment of the invention wherein the underflow of the TSS is further treated in an FSS, which embodiment is covered by the wording of dependent claim 5 (corresponding to claim 4 as granted).

However, differently from the patent as granted, the original application contained also a figure 1 labelled as prior art and a passage of the description specifying that figure 1 was a schematic view of an FCC unit of the prior art (page 6, lines 14 to 17) wherein the underflow of the TSS was associated to a filter before being directed to a wet scrubber together with the outlet stream of the SCR.

Therefore, even though it is not disputed that the wording of the original claim 1 encompassed theoretically a process corresponding to that labelled as prior art in figure 1, the skilled person, by reading the whole content of the application, would have objectively derived therefrom that the applicant’s invention did not require the use of a gas solid separator on the underflow of the TSS, it could include as alternative a treatment of the underflow of the TSS in an FSS, as shown in original figure 3 and required in original claim 5, but it excluded the process labelled as prior art in figure 1 wherein the underflow from the TSS was treated in a filter before entering the wet scrubber.

In fact, it has to be reiterated, as already explained above […], that what counts for the assessment of the compliance of an amendment with A 123(2) is the technical information that the skilled person would have objectively derived on the date of filing on reading the content of the original disclosure, since only in this way the legal security of third parties relying on the content of the original application would be preserved; therefore, the fact that after the date of filing a disclosure might perhaps be found to be wrong is in this respect irrelevant (see, for example, T 740/91 [2.6]).

The Board thus finds that the original application did not include the possibility of using a filter as gas solid separator for further treating the underflow of the TSS before entering the wet scrubber, whilst the patent as granted encompasses such a possibility, as explained above.

Hence, the deletion of original figure 1 and of the related passage of the description has modified the application in a way that the granted claim 1 includes subject-matter which was excluded from the originally filed invention as it would have been understood by a skilled person on reading the whole original application on the date of filing.

[1.1.5] As regards the decisions cited by the [patent proprietor] in support of its opinion that the extent of the application had not been changed by the above mentioned amendments, the Board remarks that all these decisions concern an appeal against the refusal of an application; in particular, in T 6/81 [2.2-3] the preamble of the independent claim did not reflect correctly what it was known as state of the art but included subject-matter not known at the priority date of that patent in suit which had to be disregarded for the evaluation of inventive step; in T 22/83 [3(iv)-(vi)] a figure indicated as prior art in the application could not be used as starting point for the evaluation of inventive step and was disregarded in the absence of evidence that it really represented state of the art; in T 1039/93 [2] the deletion of the label “prior art”, which was present in the original application with regard to some figures, was considered to comply with the requirements of A 123(2) by the Board since the applicant declared during appeal that such figures were not part of the state of the art.

Therefore, the Board finds that none of these cases concern a ground of appeal under A 100(c) EPC 1973; moreover, they do not concern the impact of the deletion of a figure and part of the description of the original application on the interpretation of the independent claim of the granted patent; hence, they concern completely different legal situations which are not applicable to the present case.

[1.1.6] The Board thus concludes that claim 1 as granted extends beyond the content of the original application and contravenes the requirement of A 123(2).

The patent was finally revoked.

Should you wish to download the whole decision, just click here.

The file wrapper can be found here.

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